[1]宋珍民.孙思邈生平问题之药王孙思邈考[J].陕西中医药大学学报,2021,(01):027-42.[doi:10.13424/j.cnki.jsctcm.2021.01.005]
　SONG Zhen - min.SUN Si - miao??s Lifetime ———a Textual Research on The King of Medicine SUN Si - miao[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2021,(01):027-42.[doi:10.13424/j.cnki.jsctcm.2021.01.005]
点击复制

孙思邈生平问题之药王孙思邈考()
分享到：

《陕西中医药大学学报》[ISSN:2096-1340/CN:61-1501/R]

卷:
期数:
2021年01期
页码:
027-42
栏目:
出版日期:
2021-01-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
SUN Si - miao??s Lifetime ———a Textual Research on The King of Medicine SUN Si - miao
文章编号:
2096-1340(2021)01-0027-16
作者:
宋珍民
陕西中医药大学,陕西 咸阳 712046
Author(s):
SONG Zhen - min
Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi Xianyang 712046,China
关键词:
药王; 扁鹊; 韦善俊; 韦慈藏; 孙思邈
Keywords:
King of Medicine;  Bian Que ;  Wei Shanjun;  Wei Cizang;  Sun Simiao
分类号:
R2-05
DOI:
10.13424/j.cnki.jsctcm.2021.01.005
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
药王,“药王菩萨”的省称,出自佛经《观药王药上菩萨经》,或见于其它多部佛教典籍,是印度舶来 的文化。 中国也出现本土药王:药王韦善俊,唐代道士,其浴犬化龙、得道成仙之事,是五代道士杜光庭移植唐代 笔记小说《惊听录》中“韦老师”的故事,而其被真正冠以“药王”,首次出现在南宋韩元吉《桐阴旧话》。 药王韦 古,首次出现在元初赵道一《历世真仙体道通鉴》。 药王韦慈藏,首次出现在元末陶宗仪《南村辍耕录?历代医 师》,借用韦善俊的“药王”称号,后之图像中更借用韦善俊那条号称“乌龙”的黑犬。 扁鹊,北宋封侯、封公、封 “神应王”,明万历年间始封“药王”。 孙思邈被冠以药王称号,最早见于明代后期弘阳教(民间宗教)的经卷《救 苦忠孝药王宝卷》,清初产生秦腔剧目《药王卷》,全国各剧种都有移植,“药王孙思邈”广为传布,遂渐形成非宗 教的民间信仰。 清光绪二十五年,“五台山即药王山” 记录在国家版图———《大清会典图》 之《陕西全省舆地 图》,说明两点:“药王山”成为国家正式地名;“药王孙思邈”成为清朝政府的官方意志。
Abstract:
King of Medicine,the abbreviated form of “the buddha of king of medicine” , is regarded as an imported product which is derived from An Observation of the Buddist scriptures on Yaowang and Yaoshang, and they can be found in other numerous buddhist scriptures. It??s a culture imported from India. Kings of medicine has also been found in China, for example WEI Shan - jun, he was a taoist in the Tang Dynasty. The story about him which he transformed the bathing dog into a dragon and hence he became immortal was transplanted by a taoist named DU Guang - ting in the Five Dynasties from the Book of Shocking Stories, a skech - book made in the Tang Dynasty. However, the story that he was dubbed as the real King of Medicine was firstly recorded in An Anecdote of Tongyin. WEI Gu, another king of medicine, was firstly found in History of the Immortals made by ZHAO Dao - yi in the early Yuan Dynasty. Then WEI Ci - zang, was firstly known in An Anecdote of Chuogeng - TCM Phisicians in Histories made by TAO Zong - yi in the late Yuan Dynasty. He borrowed the title ‘King of Medicine?? from WEI Ci - zang and used his black dog nicknamed as ‘black dragon’ as an illustration. BIAN Que, conferred as the King of Shenying, and was firstly conferred as King of Medicine in the Wanli of Ming Dynasty. SUN si - miao was firstly crowned as the King of Medicine in the Scroll of King of Medicine made in the late Qing Dynasty by the folk religion of Hongyang. The Qinqiang opera - Scroll of Medicine of King derived from the Qing Dynasty was transplanted into various traditional operas across the county. Finally SUN Si - miao, King of Medicine began to be widely spread among people, hence became the belief of them. In the period of the 25th year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, the document of ‘Wutai Mountain is the same to Yaowang Mountain’ was found in national territory - The Map of Shaanxi Province among The Map of the Qing Dynasty. Two points were illustrated then: first, Yaowang Mountain is an official name of place; second, Sun Si - miao as a King of Medicine has been the official title of the Qing Dynasty.

参考文献/References:

[1]郑志明.佛教生死学[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2008,155.
[2]丹波元简.医賸[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1983:6.
[3]脱脱.宋史[M].北京:中华书局,1975:13520.
[4]王栐.燕翼诒谋录[M].孔一,丁如明,校点.上海:上海古籍出版社,2012:43.
[5]李焘.续资治通鉴长编[M].黄以周,等,辑补.上海:上海古籍出版社,1986:1830.
[6]宋会要辑稿2[M].刘琳,等,校点.上海:上海古籍出版社,2014:1057.
[7]潜说友.咸淳临安志[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2012:513.
[8]吴自牧.梦粱录[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1980:134.
[9]吕超如.药王考与鄚州药王庙[M].//民国时期社会调查丛编宗教民俗卷.福州:福建教育出版社,2014:111-113.
[10]董诰.全唐文[M].北京:中华书局,1983:456.
[11]李昉.太平广记[M].北京:中华书局,1961:171,247-248,295-296.
[12]严杰.唐五代笔记小说选译[M].南京:凤凰出版社,2011:88.
[13]李剑国.唐五代志怪传奇叙录(上册)[M].南开大学出版社,1993:257-258.
[14]王松年,仙苑编珠/道藏第11册.北京:文物出版社,1988:43-44.
[15]陈葆光.三洞群仙录/道藏第32册[M].北京:文物出版社,1988:262.
[16]韩元吉.桐荫旧话[M].//丛书集成初编.上海:商务印书馆,1935:1.
[17]列仙传全译续仙传[M].李剑雄,译注.贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1999:前言14,12.
[18]赵道一.历世真仙体道通鉴/道藏第五册[M].北京:文物出版社等,1988:351.
[19]释觉岸.释氏稽古略[M].扬州:江苏广陵古籍刻印社,1992:314,影印说明.
[20]中国学术名著提要宗教卷编委会[M].中国学术名著提要宗教卷.上海:复旦大学出版社,1997:942.
[21]赵国璋,潘树广.文献学大辞典[M].扬州:广陵书社,2005.:985.
[22]姜生,汤伟侠.中国道教科学技术史[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:446.
[23]顾禄.清嘉录[M].杭州:江苏古籍出版社,1999:99.
[24]刘昫.旧唐书[M].北京:中华书局,1975:5099-5600,2630.
[25]陶宗仪.南村辍耕录[M].李梦生,校点.上海:上海古籍出版社,2012:272-273.
[26]魏了翁.学医随笔[M].北京:中华书局,1985:4-7.
[27]王云五.续修四库全书提要[M].台北:台湾商务印书馆,1972:1139.
[28]熊宗立.名方类证医书大全?医学源流[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1988:11.
[29]陈嘉谟.本草蒙筌[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1988:序44,序29.
[30]李世瑜.社会历史学文集[M].天津:天津古籍出版社,2007:269.
[31]车锡伦.中国宝卷总目[M].北京:北京燕山出版社,2009:122.[32]濮文起.韩太湖论[M]江沛,王先明.近代华北区域社会史研究.天津:天津古籍出版社,2005:344.[33]《军机处录副奏折》、《朱批奏沂》,嘉庆二十二年八月三十日直隶总督方受畴奏折。
[34]甘肃省靖远县地方志编纂委员会.靖远县志[M].甘肃文化出版社,1995:636.
[35]车文明.20世纪戏曲文物的发现与曲学研究[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,2001:310.
[36]冯骥才.中国木版年画集成凤翔卷[M].北京:中华书局,2010.144.
[37]齐森华,陈多,叶长海.中国曲学大辞典[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1997:568.
[38]韩素杰,胡晓峰.基于中国方志库的药王庙研究[J].中医文献杂志,2015(2):61.
[39]刘于义,等修,沈青崖,等.陕西通志(三)[M].扬州:江苏广陵古籍刻印社,1986:40,11,20.
[40]清?查遴.[雍正]宜君县志[O].清抄本.
[41]清?郑谦.[嘉庆]安康县志?卷十[O].清咸丰三年癸丑(1853[#]年)刻本.
[42]袁文观.同官县志[M].台北:成文出版社有限公司据乾隆三十年抄本影印,1969:119.
[43]张世英.千古名胜药王山[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1994:6.
[44]陈晓捷.从“处士”到“药王”———历代对孙思邈的尊称考述[J].唐都学刊,2016(4):88,110-111.
[45]张厚墉(执笔),邓绍常,康兴军,杨天成,郭占元.太白山孙思邈纪念地考察报告[M].//孙思邈研究论文集.陕西中医学院医史博物馆内部资料.1982:123,110-111.
[46]陈荫翘.(民国)海城县志[M].铅印本.1937:卷四.
[47]潘超,丘良任,孙忠铨.中华竹枝词全编七[M].北京:北京出版社,2007:204,194.
[48]吴伟业.吴梅村诗集笺注[M].上海:世界书局,1936:382.
[49]北京图书馆善本特藏部舆图组编.舆图要录[M].北京:北京图书馆出版社,1997:222.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
基金项目:国家出版基金项目([2016]27号)
作者简介:宋珍民,教授,研究员,研究方向:医史文献、古籍整理。 E - mail:441503407@ qq. Com
更新日期/Last Update: 2021-01-19